Posted by : Unknown Friday, July 26, 2013

JavaScript Programming

INTRODUCTION:
                       JavaScript is a script language, which was developed by Netscape originally called LiveScript. On December 4,1995 Netscape and sun jointly introduced JavaScript.
              JavaScript is interpreter, loosely coupled language, in which no need of following language syntaxes exactly. JavaScript  is script language in which  no need to declare variable before use.

Features of  JavaScript:

           J    JavaScript is interpreted language.
           J    JavaScript embedded into    an HTML web pages.
           J    JavaScript code is executed when an event is triggered.
           J    JavaScript is event driven language.
           J    JavaScript is multifunctional language.
           J    JavaScript is object-based language.

Java vs JavaScript :

                        Java is strongly typed, compiled language, developed by Sun Micro Systems. JavaScript is loosely coupled language developed by Netscape, is a lightweight, interpreted programming language initially called LiveScript. These two languages are not related.
-         Java is a compiled language, platform independent achieved through JVM.
-          JavaScript is an interpreted language, the browser provides the platform independence for JavaScript.

Other scripting languages are PERL,CGI, these are server side scripting languages, VBScript, JScript  developed by Microsoft Corporation.
The standardization for JavaScript as  by ECMA script (European Computer Manufacture Association).
Advantages:
              -JavaScript is script language so string manipulations are                handled easily.
              -JavaScript is very useful for Client side validations.
              -JavaScript used as server side script for database connection   to give information to user, to maintain user session.
              -JavaScript is powerful language to design Dynamic HTML               pages, to capture events in HTML Documents.
              -JavaScript is embedded in all popular web browsers.
              - In HTML JavaScript use to ensure user input all data into form in correct format, to create button, to create popup windows etc.,
              HTML has many advantages but doesn’t provide control for may development. And also fail if we use of server-side program to handle some of the pages dynamically sites.
              The server side functionality to process submitted information done by CGI (Common Gateway Interface) and generates response to user. The process is taken at the server side, if any missing or incorrect information send by user the processing take place at server site, response to it show the error message by sending through network. These messages will increase unnecessary traffic in Internet.
              If we perform some functionality such as error checking, empty checking at client side by the browser we can reduce the network traffic and increase the functionality of page.

Security:
              -One of the biggest issues facing Internet development today in security.
              -Java script is most run within a browser's environment.
              -Java script program can advantage of a whole in the browser's security measures to access the file system.
              - Even can access private documents.
              - Provide security for JavaScript in the two fold
                    * One responsibility of programmers.
·        Second users them selves to run or not to run a JavaScript on their systems.
The JavaScript  Syntaxes:

Semicolon:  In JavaScript  end of statement with ; (semicolon) .But             JavaScript is loosely types language, so no need to end with ; .

Tag :          <SCRIPT> Tag 
              - HTML doucment the code between <SCRIPT> and </SCRIPT> should be interpreted by the interpret specified by LANGUAGE attribute.
              - We can use any number of <SCRIPT> tags in a document.
Comments :   JavaScript Supports /*   */   block comments
                     -  //   Single line comment
                    -  <!--  and  -->   HTML style

Data Types: In JavaScript  handling variables is easy ,no restriction on types of values that a variable holds.
 Operators:
Arithmetic:                     +         -        /       *     %      ++      --                 


Assignment:         +=          -=        *=         /=       %= 

                        <<=       >>=     >>>=    &=       \=     ^=


Logical:   -                    &&            ||             !


Comparison: -       ==            !=                >           <           >=      

                       <=           ===            !==

        === Means identity                   !== Means Non=identity


Conditional:-        ?  :


Bit wise:    -     &        |         ^         ~        <<     >>       >>>

                >>>  Means right shift fill with zero.  

Other operators:          .               Object property access
                        []             Array index
                        ()             Function call
                delete       Undefine a property
                new                  Create a new object
                typeof       Return data type
                void          Return undefined value

The void operator is used to evalute an expression with out returning a value.

Built-in values:
                   The numerical constants in Math object.

Math.E

Math.LN2

Math.LN10 
Math.LOG2E 
Math.LOG10E 
Math.PI 

Special Values: JavaScript provide special values supported in mathematical word not in computer world.


Number.MAX_VAL       Number.MIN_VALUE                Number.NaN
Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
          Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
                                    Number.NaN means Not-a-Number.

Advanced mathematical methods provided by JavaScript in Math Object.

Math.abs()  
Math.acos()  
Math.asin()
Math.atan()
Math.atan2()
Math.ceil() 
Math.cos()   
Math.exp() 
Math.floor()
Math.log()
Math.max()   
Math.min()   
Math.pow()
Math.random()
Math.round()  
Math.sine()  
Math.sqrt()
Math.tan()



Boolean  :
     JavaScript supports Boolean data type which contains either true (0) or false (1)

null        :   JavaScript  supports keyword null mean unknown. 
Loops and conditional Syntaxes:
Conditional Syntax :

if (expression)  
            {
            statements
            } 
else      {
             statements...
            }

switch (expression)
            {
                case lable1:
                        statements;
                                 break;
                case label2:
                                statements;
                            break;
               ……. 
             default:
                               
            }
In switch we can also use strings as expression
Loops:
for:                           for(initialize;condition;adjust)     {
                        statements;
                           }
while                    while(expression)
                          {
                           statements;
                          }
do..while              do {
                                statement,
                                } while(expression)
for...in                  for(variable in object)
                                        {
                                statement...
                                        }
break:        Used to jump from the block.
continue:    Uses to jump to condition expression in loops.  

VARIABLES :
                   JavaScript  is case sensitive.
Assigning Values:
                   The keyword var used to declare variables.
                   The assignment with (=) operator.
                   The values assigned to a variable but not using var keyword, will be treated as as global variables.

Type conversion:-
                   -JavaScript allows a variable to hold any data type at any time.
                   -JavaScript will perform necessary steps to type conversion.

String:
Syntax:              var variable = new String(string);
                        “string”
              The String() object one of the core of the JavaScript.

Escape sequences character:-

                  \b                 \f                      \n                     \r
            \t                  \'                      \\                     \”
            \xxx      character represented by three octal digits.
                \xx        character represented by two octal digits.
               \uxxxx  character represented by unsigned decimal.

Properties          length        Returns the length of the string
                             prototype To add properties to instances.
Methods:  
Methods
Description
replace()
Replaces using RegExp
charAt()
Returns the character at the index passed.
concat()
Concatenates two string, return new String instance.
Search()
Returns the index location of passed string in document.
slice()
Returns the string between beginning and ending indexed passed .
substr()
Returns the string beginning with the index,number of characters passed .
toLowerCase()
Converts all the characters to lower case.
toUpperCase()
Converts all the characters to upper case.
match()
Returns an array containing the match, argument passed is RegExp.

The follow methods returns the instances of  tag corresponding the methods.

anchor()
blink()
fontcolor()
bold()
fontsize()
link()

Pattern Matching :
              JavaScript uses the RegExp(regular expresses)        object to handle pattern matching, by providing pattern        definition and methods to perform matching.
Definition:  The  RegExp object created in two ways by the keyword new using constructor.
              Ex:    var name=new RegExp("Hai");
Creates object name and assigning pattern "Hai".
By direct assignment we use / to designate the beginning and end of pattern.
                   Ex:    var name= /Hai/ ;  

Special Pattern matching characters:
Character
Description
\a
Match any word character(alphanumeric).
\w
Match any non word character.
\d
Match any digit.
\D
Match any non-digit.
[...]
Match any character with in brackets
[x-y]
Match any character range x to y.
[^]
Match not with in or range.
?
Match any previous item once or not at all.
+
Match any previous at least once.
|
Match any the expression to the left or right of | char.
(...)
Group every thing provide () into such pattern.
^
Match begins of single /line/multi line match.
$
Match the end of  single /line/multi line match.
 
 If  we want to find the string started with + symbol we define pattern as \+  same are.

    \f   formfeed               \n   new line                        \r carriage return           
     \t  tab                           \v   verticaltab.
                 
      \/   \\       \.     \*   \+   \?    \|             \>    \[     \]     \{   \}
            \cx  control character represented by x.
              \xxx   ascii char representation by the octal  xxx number.
              \xhh   ascii char representation by the hexa hh  number.
Attributes:-           g       Global.
                              i       Ignore case.

Methods for matching in string object:
Method
Description
match(regExpObj)
searches for regExpObj in string
replace(regExpObj,scr)
replace all occurrences of the    regExpObj   with scr string
search(regEpObj)
Return the position.
split(regExpObj,max)
string in split everywhere in a matching pattern upto man splits and returns in array.

Pattern matching methods in RegExp Object:

Method
Description
exp(str)
Searches for pattern and return result.
exec(str)
Searches for pattern and return result in Boolean.
test(str)       
Searches for pattern and return result in Boolean.
(str)
same as exec.
                               
Ex:             <script language="javascript">
                 var str=reg no 1799125;
                 document.write(str);
                  var patt=newregexp("[a-z]");
                  document.write("after replacing");
                  document.write(str.replace(patt,"g");
                  <script>.


ARRAYS:-
                         We can  create an instance of array object by following   4 ways.
v var x = new array ();
v var x = new array ("red","yellow","green",1,5,8);
v var x = new array(6);
v var x = ["red","yellow","green",1,2,3];

               We access array element with [] operator, with subscript. Arrays in JavaScript  can hold any data types.
String Indexes:
              JavaScript supports to access any elements via [] operator with index. The index is integer in all other languages, but JS index may be of string type.
<HTML>  <H2> <U> Clothing store inventory   </U> <H2>
    <SCRIPT LANGAGE = "JavaScript ">
       function populate_array (products)  {
              products["shirts"] = 46;
              products["parts"] = 23;
              products["ties"] = 14;
              }
       function display_army (products)  {
              document.write ( product['shirts'],"shirts.<BR>");
              document.write ( product['pants'],"pants.<BR>");
              document.write ( product['ties'],"hats.<BR>");
              }
    // creating army
            var product qty = new army ();
    // set product quantity
            populate army ( productqty);
            display army (productqty);
      < / SCRIPT>       </HTML>

              JavaScript treats arrays as objects so we can use indexes as objects property. array[“idx”] can be represent as array.idx .
length Attribute of array contain number of elements in the array.

Array Object provides some methods:
join()
Concatenates all elements into one string
reverse()
Reverse order of elements
sort()
Sort elements in array
concate()
Concatenates an array on to an array
join()
Concatenates all elements of an array in to one array
push ()
Adds elements at the end of an array.
pop()  
Deletes the last element form array.
shift()
Delete elements  from front of an array.
toString()
Converts elements to a string
Date:
Syntax:              var variable = new Date();
                         var variable = new Date(millisecond1);
                         var variable = new Date(string);
                         var variable = new Date(year, month, day, 
                                hour, minutes, seconds, milliseconds2);

              The Date() object represents all aspects of date and time from year to milliseconds.
Arguments
   millisecond1     calculated from th midnight jan 1 1970.
   millisecond2    Is integer represent millisecond from 0 to 999.

Methods:
getDate()
getday()
getFullyear()
getHours()
getMunites()
getMilliseconds()
getMonth()
getSeconds()
getTime()
getYear()
 
 
                These methods return corresponding values.


setDate()
setday()
setFullyear()
setHours()
setMunites()
setMilliseconds()
setMonth()
setSeconds()
setTime()
setYear()
 
 
                These methods set  corresponding values to date instance.
toString()  Return Date and time as string.
Object:
Syntax:              var variable = new Object();
              The Object() object is a primitive data type from all JavaScript objects are derived.
Property
Description
constructor
Function that creates an Object.
eval()
Evaluates a string of JavaScript code for the specified object.
prototype           
Add new properties for the specific object

toString()
Converts the object to its string representation.
valueOf()
Returns the value.
Packegses:
          The packages is built in object that provides access to various Java packages with in browser.

Ex :  Packages.java.lang.System.out.println(“Java—JavaScript”);


parseFloat()
Syntax  parseFloat(string)
          This method used to convert a string to number.

parseInt()
Syntax        parseInt(string)
                parseInt(string,base)
       
          This method used to convert a string to number.

this
Syntax        this.property
         This this keyword is used to refer the current object and is used to pass entire object.

Multi Dimensional Arrays:
                   The element of a array is another array.
Array as Objects:
     In JavaScript array as objects i.e instance olf the class  array,
     So we can access the element as its properly rather than [] operator.

        Ex:   product["tie"] = 100;
              document.write(product.tie "ties");

with:      JavaScript provides with statement to access objects property with out repeatedly typing object name.
                   with(object)  {
                                 .property of object
                                 .property of object
                                  }
function :
                 All functions declared with keyword function followed by name of function.
Call by values vs Call by references:
                In JavaScript default in call by value. To call by reference, declare the function with empty() and on the argument object and []to access arguments.
            //eg call by reference.
             <script language="javascript">
             function disp()      {
                document.write("argument passed:<br>);
                for(i=0;i<arguments.length;i++)
                      document.write(i,"i=",arguments[i],"<br>");
                }
                 disp(34,"KSK",-7945,"Dra");
                </script>

Returning Values:-
              JavaScript  provide return keyword.
function as objects:-
              we can create function statically as well as dynamically. Creating function dynamically, treated as function as objects.

sy:-  var fun=new function(argument1,......lastargument);
      
function keyword used to create dynamically, all the arguments must be  string,the last argument must be return value.

       eg:- var mulfun=new function("y","return y*s");

DOCUMENT:
              The document object represents a web page that is displayed in a browser  window, frame or layer.An instance is created when each document loded by the browser.
Properties:
alinkColour
Color of active link.
all
Array of all HTML tags in the document.
anchors
Array of anchor objects.
applets
Array of applet objects.
bgColor 
Batch ground color of documents
cookie
Cookie associated with document.
class
Style sheet classes array.
domain  
Domain of document.
embeds
Array of embedded objects
fgColor
Color of tent in document.
forms
Array of form objects.
images 
Array of image objects
lastModified
Data when document was last modified.
layers
Array of layer object.
linkColor      
Color of links.
links 
Array of link objects.
Rereffer  
URL of document to which the current document was linked.
url          
URL of document.
vlink color  
Color of visited links.
tags         
Style sheet tag array.
title
Title of document.
Methods:
captureEvents()
Captures events to be handled by the documents.
close()
Closes output stream to document.
getSelection()   
Return the selected text in the document.
open()            
Opens output stream to document.
releaseEvents()   
Releases events captured by document.
routeEvent()
Route captured events to other objects.
write()            
Appends text to document.
writeln()         
Appends text and new line to character.


Event handlers:
onClick   
Handler for clicks events.
onDblClick
Handler for double click events.
onKeyDown     
Handler for Key down event.
oKeyPress
Handler for Key press events
onKeyUp
Handler for key up events
onMouseDown
Handler for mouse down events
onMouseUp
Handler for mouse up events
onLoad        
Handler used when document has finished loading.
onUnLoad
Handler used when document from window.

document.captureEvents()
            Syntax  document.captureEvents(eventMask)
              This method specifies the type of event that should be passed to the document rather than to the object for which they are invoked. The event mask argument captures more with | symbol.

Event.ABORT

Event.BLUR

Event.CHANGE

Event.CLICK

Event.DBCLICK

Event.DRAGDROP  

Event.RROR

Event.FOCUS

Event.KEYDOWN 

Event.KEYUP

Event.KEYPRESS

Event.MOUSEOUT

Event.MOVE

Event.MOUSEUP

Event.MOUSEDOWN     

Event.MOUSEUP       

Event.OVER

Event.RESET

Event.SELECT

Event.SUBMIT

Event.LOAD

Event.RESIZE

Event.UNLOAD

               

Ex:   <form>
        <input type =”button” value=”yellow/purple” onMouseDown=”document.bgColor=’yellow’” onMouseUp=”document.bgColor=’green’”>        </form>
<script language =”JavaScript”>
document.captureEvent(Event.MOUSEDOWN|Event.MOUSEUP);
document.onmousedown=function(event){document.bgColor=’red’})’;
document.onmouseup=function(event){document.bgColor=’blue’});
</script>

               The following instance are created with each instance of tag appear in HTML document. For following objects object represents that object and contain length property ,the number of occurrences and object[index] returns corresponding object in array.


Instance

tag name

attributes

Anchores

<A>

name,text,x,y

Applets

<APPLET>

name,text,x,y


AREA:-
·        the <AREA> tag in HTML is used in conjuction with the <MAP> tag to define on area with in a picture that will act as a hyperlink.
·        An instance  AREA object is created with each occurrance of the <area>tag with in an HTML document.

Properties methods and event handeler are

Properties :
host
host name
href 
pathname
protocol 
target  
 Methods:
handleEevent()         
Calls  the event handler associated with this event.
Event handlers:
onDblClick
Invoked when mouse is double-clicked in the area.
onMouseOut
Invoked when mouse is moves outside the area.
onMouseOver
Invoked when mouse is moves into the region.
Syntax:
<area name=“areaname“ coords=“x1,x2,y1,y2” href = “href”
onmouseover=“function in<script>” onmouseout=“function ”>
 fs
               onDblClick, onMouseOver,onMouseOut,are invoke the function which are specified in the <area> tag.

BUTTON:-
              The  botton object represents a graphical button that the user can click initiate an action.Buttons are created by using <input> tag in HTML  document.Once created buttons are we can access through JS through from.obect method.
    
Argument
string    The string to appear in the graphical representation of a button
 num:     An index number that allows access to button through a form                    
              elements list.
Properties:  
form
name
type
value

 Methods:
click( )
Calls the button’s onClick event handling.
focus( )
Applies focus to a button.
handleEvent()
Passes an event to the appropriate event handler associated with a button.
Event handle:
onClick
The handler invoked when a button is clicked.
onFocus
The handler invoked when a button focus is applied
onMouseDown
The handler invoked when a button is pressed.
onMouseUp
The handler invoked when a button is released.

button.handlEvent( )
                      This method provides a way to invoke a button’s event handler eventhough the event was not triggered by the user
Ex:-
 <input type = ”button” value = “click” name=“clickbutton”                          onClick = ”dispcmsg( )” onMouseDown = “dispmdmsg( )”
onMouseUp = “dispmumsg( )” >
                    the code for dispcmsg( ) ,dispmdmsg( ), dispmumsg( ) written in <SCRIPT >tag.

 onFocus:             Event handler in defined in an <input > tag and specifies what to do when the button given focus.

Eg:
<HTML><form name=“myform” value=“buttonone”
name=“onebut” onfocus = “alert( ocus event occurred)”>
                          </form>       </HTML>

onMouseUp and onMouseDown : event handler in defined in <input > tag and specifies that action to the value the button in chosen.

 
Checkbox:-
              The checkbox object represents a graphical checkbox that the user can click to toggle the check on or off.        The check box are created using <INPUT> tag with the type attribute set to checkbox in HTML document. The checkbox can also be grouped together under the same name and accessed as an array by using brackets.
Argument:
num1
An index number that allows acces to checkbox through
a form's element list
num2
That grouped together under same name.
Properties:
checked
A Boolean value to determine if the checkbox is  checked .
Form
Return the form object the checkbox.
Name
The string that is specified in the NAME attribute.
Value
Returned when the form is submitted.
Method:
Blur()  
Remove the focus from the checkbox
Click() 
Calls the checkboxes on click event handler.
Handleevent() 
Passes an event to the appropriate event handler with the checkbox.

EventHandlers:
onblur   
Invoked when focus in remove for the checkbox.
onClick   
Invoked when selected.
onFocus
Invoked when focus in applied to the checkbox.


RADIO BUTTON: -
              The radio object represents a graphical checkbox that the user can click to toggle the on or off. The radio box are created using <INPUT> tag with the type attribute set to radio in HTML document. 
 Properties/Methods:
checked
A Boolean value to determine if the radio is  checked .
form
Return the form object the Radio button.
name
The string that is specified in the NAME attribute.
value
Reverss to the value attribute of the HTML <input> tag.
blur()  
Remove the focus from the radio object.
click() 
Calls the  click event handler.
handlEvent() 
Invokes the event handler.
focus()
sets focus t button.
onblur    
Invoked when focus in removed.
onClick   
Invoked when selected.
onFocus
Invoked when focus in applied.


RESET: -
              The Reset button represent reset button with in HTML document. The button is created using <input> tag specify the type to RESET in HTML document.  
 Properties/Methods:
form
Return the form object the Reset button.
name
The string that is specified in the NAME attribute.
type
HTML type attribute for the Reset button.
value
Refers to the value attribute of the HTML.
blur()  
Remove the focus from the reset object.
click( )
Calls the button’s onClick event handling.
focus()
Sets focus to button.
handlEvent() 
Invokes the event handler.
onBlur   
Invoked when focus in removed.
onClick   
Invoked when selected.
onFocus
Invoked when focus in applied.

SUBMIET: -
               The submit object represent submit button with in HTML document. The button is created using <input> tag specify the type to SUBMIT in HTML document. 
 Properties/Methods:
form
Return the form object the Submit button.
name
The string that is specified in the NAME attribute.
type
HTML type attribute for the Submit button.
value
Refers to the value attribute of the HTML.
blur()  
Remove the focus from the submit object.
click( )
Calls the button’s onClick event handling.
focus()
Sets focus to button.
handlEvent() 
Invokes the event handler.
onBlur   
Invoked when focus in removed.
onClick   
Invoked when selected.
onFocus
Invoked when focus in applied.


WINDOW:
              The window object is one of the top-level JavaScript objects that are created when a <body>, <frameset>or<frame> tag or with openopen().

Methods:
alert
Displays a dialogue box with the text passed.
back
Loads the previous page in place of window instance.
captureEvents
Sets the window to capture all the events of specified type.
clearInterval
Clears the Interval set with the setInterval method.
close
Closes the instance of window.
find
Displays a find Dialogue box, we enter text and searcg.
forward
Loads the next page in the place of next instance.
handleEvent
Invokes the handler for the event passed.
moveTo
Move the window to specified location.
open
Opend a new instance of a window
print
Prints the current window.
prompt
displays a prompt dialogue box.
releaseEvent
Released the capture events of specified type.
resizeTo
Resizes the window to specified size.
scroll
scroll the window to a specified location.
setInterval
Invokes a function every time the number of milliseconds has passed.
setTimeout
Invokes a function when the number of   milliseconds has passed.
stop
Stops the current window when it loading other items.

Properties:                                               
closed
specifies the window has been closed.
document
Reference all the information about document.
frames
Reference all the information about Frames.
history
Reference all the URLs that the  user visited.
length
Represents number of frames int the window.
location
The current URL loaded in window.
name
Name of the window.
parent
Reference to the upper most  window.
scrollbars
Reference to the scrollbar of the window.
self
References the current window.
status
Reference to the status bar’s message.
statusbar
reference to the status browser.
window
Reference to the current window.

NAVIGATOR:
              The navigator object is used to obtain information related to the navigator browser.

Property/Method:       
appName
Reffers to official browser name.
appVersion
Refers to version information of the browser name.
platform
Reffers to the platform on which browser is running.
javaEnabled()
tests to see java supports in the web browser.


HISTORY:
              The history is predefined JavaScript object that allows us to navigate through the history of websites.
The browser stores the history of URL’s in the History object references.

Property/Method:                           
back()
Loads the URL for the previous visited site.
current
Refers to the current URL in the history.
forword()
Loads the next URL in the history.
go()
Loads the URL for the history list.
length
Returns the number of elements in the history list.
next
Refers to the next URL in the history.
previous
Refers to the previous URL in the history.
  
LOCATION:
              The Location object represent the current address displayed in the browser.

Property/Method:                          
hash
Represents an anchor name in URL that begins with the # character
host
Represents the host name and port number of URL.
hostname
Represents the host name partr of URL.
href
Represents the complete URL.
pathname
Represents the pathname part  of URL.
port
Represents the port part of URL.
protocol
Represents the protocol part of URL.
reload()
Reloads the current URL.
replace()
Loads a new web page in the current browser.


FRAME:
              A Window can display multiple, independent scrollable frames on a single screen, each with its own URL. The frame object’s instant created with each occurrence of <frame> tag. JavaScript represents a frame using a window object. Every frame object is a window object.   

Methods:
blur
Remove focus from the frame.

clearInterval
Cancel a repeated execution.

clearTimeout
Cancels any delayed execution.

document
Reference all the information about document.

focus()
Applies focus to frame.

frames
Array containing references to child frames.

length
Length of the frame array

name
HTML name attribute of Frame object.

setInterval
Sets function schedule for repeated execution. 

setTimeout
Sets function schedule for delayed execution. 

parent
Main window or frame from which frames are created.

print
Invokes the print dialog window.

self
Refers to the current frame.

top
Browser window that executes script.

onBlur   
Event handler for blur event.
onFocus
Event handler for Focus event.
onMove
Event handler for Move event.
onResize
Event handler for Resize event.

Conclusion:

    To gain user’s attention on page, to add dynamism we can implement JavaScript in static HTML documents.

    By making certain validation and process at client side we can reduce the traffic of network and increases the performance of server.


    JavaScript can be used for client side validation i.e. before sending the data from client to the server validations are done at client side. So that reducing complexity at server side and send correct and sufficient data.

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